![]() Hypertrophic – increase in the size of each individual fat cell.Hyper plastic – increased number of fat cells throughout the body.(Adapted from the World health organization). In the analyses carried out for World Health Report 2002, approximately 58% of diabetes and 21% of ischemic heart disease and 8-42% of certain cancers globally were attributable to a BMI above 21 kg/m2. Although obesity should be considered a disease in its own right, it is also one of the key risk factors for other chronic diseases together with smoking, high blood pressure and high blood cholesterol. Chronic overweight and obesity contribute significantly to osteoarthritis, a major cause of disability in adults. ![]() Raised BMI also increases the risks of cancer of the breast, colon, prostrate, endometroium, kidney and gallbladder. And this is increasingly becoming a developing world problem. Approximately 85% of people with diabetes are type 2, and of these, 90% are obese or overweight. Confined to older adults for most of the 20th century, this disease now affects obese children even before puberty. The likelihood of developing Type 2 diabetes and hypertension rises steeply with increasing body fat percentage. The more life-threatening problems fall into four main areas: CVD problems conditions associated with insulin resistance such as type 2 diabetes certain types of cancers, especially the hormonally related and large-bowel cancers and gallbladder disease. The non-fatal, but debilitating health problems associated with obesity include respiratory difficulties, chronic musculoskeletal problems, skin problems and infertility. Some confusion of the consequences of obesity arises because researchers have used different BMI cut-offs, and because the presence of many medical conditions involved in the development of obesity may confuse the effects of obesity itself. Overweight and obesity lead to adverse metabolic effects on blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides and insulin resistance. The endomorphs are at the greatest risk for developing obesity, mesomorphs are at a moderate risk and ectomorphs are at little or no risk.
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